Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/alb/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X7619
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Thematic Section: Opinions about Aquatic Ecology in a Changing World

Climate change reflected in one of the largest wetlands in the world: an overview of the Northern Pantanal water regime

Mudança climática refletida em uma das maiores áreas úmidas do mundo: uma visão geral do regime das águas do Pantanal do Norte

Wilkinson Lopes Lázaro; Ernandes Sobreira Oliveira- Júnior; Carolina Joana da Silva; Solange Kimie Ikeda Castrillon; Claumir César Muniz

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Abstract

Abstract: : The dynamics of Pantanal is totally influenced by the flood pulse, which is, in part, a consequence of rainfall regime from the Amazon in the direction to the headlands and the lowlands where the water is retained, and the flood plain is formed. The impacts of climate change have not yet been measured for the Northern Pantanal (Pantanal of Cáceres), where it is the gateway to most Pantanal waters. Here, we have used rainfall, hydrology, and satellite imagery data to ascertain the possible rainfall patterns, water retention, and level of the Paraguay River over the past decades. Although a well-defined water pulse is found in the Northern Pantanal, over a 42-year historical series the number of days without precipitation has greatly increased, as well the loss of water mass in the landscape over the last 10 years specifically in during the drought season. Overall, nowadays the Northern Pantanal has 13% more days without rain than in the 60’s, and the water mass is 16% less during the drought season considering the last 10 years. These results show that nowadays the Pantanal is losing water and experiencing a more severe drought season than in the past. Regarding the physicochemical and biological cycles of the ecosystem, these changes can result in the loss of biodiversity, as well as the loss of ecosystem services, intrinsically linked to the flood pulse. Given that these losses have been aggravated by anthropogenic pressures (e.g. deforestation, erosion, hydroelectric power stations), the drafting of strategic plans for safeguarding wildlife and human populations, as well as agriculture, cattle raising, fisheries and the preservation of the people’s lifestyle in the Pantanal must be urgently implemented.

Keywords

tropical wetland, ecosystem regulation, flooding reduction, drought season extension

Resumo

Resumo:: A dinâmica do Pantanal é totalmente influenciada pelo pulso de inundação, o qual é, em parte, uma consequência do regime de chuvas da Amazônia na direção das cabeceiras e planícies onde a água é retida e a planície formada. Os impactos das mudanças climáticas, embora consensualmente aceitos, ainda não foram medidos no Pantanal do Norte (Pantanal de Cáceres), que é a porta de entrada para a maioria das águas do Pantanal. Aqui, usamos dados de precipitação, hidrologia e imagens de satélite para verificar os possíveis padrões de precipitação, retenção de água e nível do rio Paraguai nas últimas décadas. Embora seja encontrado um pulso de inundação bem definido no Pantanal do Norte, ao longo de uma série histórica de 42 anos, o número de dias sem precipitação aumentou muito, assim como a perda de massa de água na paisagem nos últimos 10 anos, especificamente durante a estação seca. No geral, hoje em dia o Pantanal Norte tem 13% a mais de dias sem chuva do que nos anos 60, e a massa de água é 16% menor durante a estação da seca, considerando os últimos 10 anos. Esses resultados mostram que o Pantanal está perdendo água e passando por uma seca mais severa hoje em dia do que no passado. No que diz respeito aos ciclos físico-químicos e biológicos do ecossistema, essas mudanças podem resultar na perda de biodiversidade, bem como na perda de serviços ecossistêmicos, intrinsecamente ligados ao pulso de inundação. Dado que essas perdas foram agravadas por pressões antropogênicas (por exemplo, desmatamento, erosão, usinas hidrelétricas), a elaboração de planos estratégicos para salvaguardar a vida selvagem e as populações humanas, assim como a agricultura, a pecuária, a pesca e a preservação do estilo de vida das pessoas do Pantanal devem ser implementados com urgência.
 

Palavras-chave

áreas alagáveis tropicais, regulação ecossistêmica, redução da inundação, extensão da estiagem

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Submetido em:
29/08/2019

Aceito em:
23/06/2020

Publicado em:
23/09/2020

5f6b8b9a0e882535669fefc6 alb Articles
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Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online)

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