Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/alb/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X7120
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Water quality and spatial and seasonal dynamics in the largest water supply reservoir in Brazil and implications for diatom assemblages

Qualidade da água e dinâmica espacial e sazonal no maior reservatório de fornecimento de água do Brasil e implicações para comunidades de diatomáceas

Majoi de Novaes Nascimento; Mark Bush; Denise de Campos Bicudo

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Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: in this paper we investigated how spatial factors and seasonal dynamics influenced the diatom community in a tropical deep environment of low productivity waters in Brazil.

Methods: we used physical and chemical characteristics of the water and planktonic diatoms from 9 sampling stations during dry (austral winter) and wet (austral summer) seasons (N = 18) as the outline to identify water quality, spatial and seasonal patterns. To evaluate spatially and temporally integrated events from the recent past (approximately the last 5 years before sampling), and the species from diverse habitats of the system, we used diatoms from the surface sediment (top 2 cm, N = 9). Since we used the top 2 cm of surface sediment containing the dead diatoms that were deposited over recent past of the reservoir, seasonal sampling of the sediment was not needed.

Results: during the dry season heavily silicified long colonial planktonic diatom species associated mainly with higher mixing depth, pH, and transparency dominated the plankton, whereas in the wet season the reservoir became stratified, favoring planktonic solitary diatoms with high surface volume ratios. For the sediment, a general pattern emerged where planktonic species dominated in the deep sections of the reservoir, and the abundance of benthic species in shallow areas near the tributaries increased.

Conclusions: the diatom assemblages was mainly influenced by seasonal variations and mixing regime. Surface sediment samples provided longer-term information, and revealed habitat differentiation shaping diatom assemblages. Overall, the small centric planktonic Aulacoseira tenella (Nygaard) Simonsen stood out as the most abundant species in the entire reservoir in both, the plankton and the sediment, indicating that size and shape serve as adaptive strategies for buoyancy and nutrient uptake stand as a competitive advantage in deep low productivity environments.

Keywords

Cantareira System, oligotrophic diatom species, phytoplankton, surface sediment, tropical deep reservoir

Resumo

Resumo:

Objetivos: Neste trabalho investigamos como fatores espaciais e dinâmica sazonal influenciaram a comunidade de diatomáceas em um reservatório tropical, profundo e de baixa produtividade no Brasil.

Métodos: Nós usamos as características físicas e químicas da água e as diatomáceas presentes no plâncton em 9 estações de amostragem durante os períodos seco (inverno austral) e chuvoso (verão austral) (N = 18) como base para avaliação da qualidade da água, e das características espaciais e dos padrões sazonais do reservatório. Para avaliar espacialmente e temporalmente os eventos integrados do passado recente (aproximadamente 5 anos antes da data de amostragem), e as espécies provenientes dos diversos hábitats do ecossistema, foram analisadas diatomáceas presentes nos sedimentos superficiais (primeiros 2 cm, N = 9). A amostragem sazonal do sedimento não foi necessária, já que os 2 cm de sedimento superficial utilizados contêm as carapaças de diatomáceas depositadas no passado recente do reservatório.

Resultados: durante a estação seca, diatomáceas longas, coloniais e altamente silicificadas, associadas com aumento da profundidade de mistura, pH e transparência da água, dominaram o ambiente planctônico, enquanto na estação úmida, o reservatório se tornou estratificado, favorecendo diatomáceas planctônicas solitárias com alta razão superfície volume. No sedimento superficial, um padrão geral foi observado, onde espécies planctônicas foram dominantes nas amostras de regiões mais profundas da represa, enquanto a abundância de espécies bentônicas aumentou nas estações mais rasas, próximas aos tributários.

Conclusões: A assembleia de diatomaceas foi influenciada principalmente pela sazonalidade e regime de mistura. O sedimento superficial forneceu informação de longo prazo, e revelou que a comunidade de diatomáceas é moldada de acordo com a diferenciação de hábitats. No geral, a espécie planctônica, cêntrica e pequena Aulacoseira tenella (Nygaard) Simonsen destacou-se como a mais abundante do reservatório tanto no plâncton como no sedimento, indicando que tamanho e forma provavelmente servem como estratégias adaptativas favorecendo flutuabilidade e absorção de nutrientes, e representam vantagem competitiva em ambientes profundos de baixa produtividade.
 

Palavras-chave

Sistema Cantareira, espécies de diatomáceas oligotróficas, fitoplâncton, sedimento de superfície, reservatório tropical profundo

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Submitted date:
07/09/2020

Accepted date:
03/10/2021

Publication date:
04/23/2021

608324f7a95395220227d824 alb Articles
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