Aquatic environments in the One Health context: modulating the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon
Ambientes aquáticos no contexto One Health: modulação do fenômeno da resistência aos antimicrobianos
Juliana Alves Resende; Vânia Lúcia da Silva; Claudio Galuppo Diniz
Abstract
Keywords
Resumo
Resumo: : Em uma perspectiva antropocêntrica, os ambientes aquáticos são importantes para manutenção da saúde e da sobrevivência, entretanto, gerenciados muitas vezes de maneiras equivocadas, são considerados uma via convergente para os resíduos gerados por atividades humanas e saneamento. Desta forma, observa-se que esses ecossistemas têm sido ameaçados pela poluição química devido a xenobióticos, sobretudo em uma abordagem mais contemporânea, pela pressão seletiva associada aos antimicrobianos. Vários estudos têm reportado o enriquecimento de bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos e genes mobilizáveis relacionados a esse fenômeno em ambientes aquáticos e ecossistemas adjacentes. Do ponto de vista das doenças emergentes e reemergentes relacionadas à interação de fatores humanos, animais e ambientais, surgiu uma nova concepção para abordar, em uma visão holística, essas questões, conhecidas como abordagem de saúde única (One Health). Discussões científicas e políticas nessa concepção devem levar a planos de ação eficazes para prevenir e controlar a disseminação de doenças infecciosas em ambiente aberto, incluindo aquelas afetadas por atividades antropogênicas. Portanto, hoje em dia, as discussões sobre resistência antimicrobiana estão se tornando mais amplas e exigindo uma visão multidisciplinar para enfrentar os desafios de saúde e ambientais, que incluem a gestão do ambiente aquático. A água pode ser um dos ecossistemas mais importantes no fenômeno da resistência antimicrobiana que surge quando uma comunidade microbiana dinâmica e singular pode ser influenciada por várias características. Como as substâncias antimicrobianas não são degradadas, ao mesmo tempo sob um mesmo tratamento, as estratégias relativas à sua remoção do meio ambiente devem considerar suas características químicas individuais.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
25/04/2019
Aceito em:
28/02/2020
Publicado em:
03/08/2020