Sedimentary sterol levels to track river contamination by sewage in one of the largest Amazonian cities (Belém - Pará), northern Brazil
Níveis de esteróis sedimentares para rastrear a contaminação por esgoto de um rio em uma das maiores cidades da Amazônia (Belém - Pará), norte do Brasil
Jorge Hernando Agudelo Morales; Camila Carneiro dos Santos Rodrigues; Mariana da Silva Messias; Flaviana Cardoso Damasceno; Angela Esmeralda Cely Torres; José Augusto Martins Corrêa
Abstract
Keywords
Resumo
Palavras-chave
References
Ali, M., & Mudge, S., 2005. Lipid geochemistry in a sediment core from Conwy Estuary, North Wales. Sains Malays. 34(2), 23-33.
Amano, K.O.A., Danso-Boateng, E., Adom, E., Kwame Nkansah, D., Amoamah, E.S., & Appiah-Danquah, E., 2021. Effect of waste landfill site on surface and ground water drinking quality. Water Environ. J. 35(2), 715-729.
Araújo, M.P., Hamacher, C., Farias, C. de O., & Soares, M.L.G., 2021. Fecal sterols as sewage contamination indicators in Brazilian mangroves. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 165, 112149. PMid:33610111.
Bacha, D.C.S., Santos, S., Mendes, R.A., Rocha, C.C.S., Corrêa, J.A., Cruz, J.C.R., Abrunhosa, F.A., & Oliva, P.A.C., 2021. Evaluation of the contamination of the soil and water of an open dump in the Amazon Region, Brazil. Environ. Earth Sci. 80(3), 113.
Bataglion, G.A., Koolen, H.H.F., Weber, R.R., & Eberlin, M.N., 2016. Quantification of sterol and triterpenol biomarkers in sediments of the Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoonal system (Brazil) by UHPLC-MS/MS. Int. J. Anal. Chem. 2016, 8361375. PMid:27087811.
Bujagić, I., Grujić, S., Jauković, Z., & Laušević, M., 2016. Sterol ratios as a tool for sewage pollution assessment of river sediments in Serbia. Environ. Pollut. 213, 76-83. PMid:26874877.
Bull, I.D., Lockheart, M.J., Elhmmali, M.M., Roberts, D.J., & Evershed, R.P., 2002. The origin of faeces by means of biomarker detection. Environ. Int. 27(8), 647-654. PMid:11934114.
Cabral, A.C., Dauner, A.L.L., Xavier, F.C.B., Garcia, M.R.D., Wilhelm, M.M., dos Santos, V.C.G., Netto, S.A., & Martins, C.C., 2020. Tracking the sources of allochthonous organic matter along a subtropical fluvial-estuarine gradient using molecular proxies in view of land uses. Chemosphere 251, 126435. PMid:32169703.
Cabral, A.C., Wilhelm, M.M., Figueira, R.C.L., & Martins, C.C., 2019. Tracking the historical sewage input in South American subtropical estuarine systems based on faecal sterols and bulk organic matter stable isotopes (δ 13 C and δ 15 N. Sci. Total Environ. 655, 855-864. PMid:30481712.
Carneiro, C., Santos, D., Da, L., Soares, S., Augusto, J., & Corrêa, M., 2016. Occurrence and sources of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment samples along the Aurá River (Northern Brazil. Geochim. Bras. 30(301), 26-32.
Carreira, R.S., Albergaria-Barbosa, A.C.R., Arguelho, M.L.P.M., & Garcia, C.A.B., 2015. Evidence of sewage input to inner shelf sediments in the NE coast of Brazil obtained by molecular markers distribution. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 90(1-2), 312-316. PMid:25467184.
Carreira, R.S., Ribeiro, P., Silva, C.E.M., & Farias, C.O., 2009. Hydrocarbons and sterols as indicators of source and fate of organic matter in sediments from Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro. Quim. Nova 32(7), 1805-1811.
Chalaux, N., Takada, H., & Bayona, J.M., 1995. Molecular markers in Tokyo bay sediments: sources and distribution. Mar. Environ. Res. 40(1), 77-92.
Costa, R.L., & Carreira, R.S., 2005. A comparison between faecal sterols and coliform counts in the investigation of sewage contamination in sediments. Braz. J. Oceanogr. 53(4)
Dsikowitzky, L., Schäfer, L., Dwiyitno, Ariyani, F., Irianto, H.E., & Schwarzbauer, J., 2017. Evidence of massive river pollution in the tropical megacity Jakarta as indicated by faecal steroid occurrence and the seasonal flushing out into the coastal ecosystem. Environ. Chem. Lett. 15(4), 703-708.
Duarte, R.M., & Val, A.L., 2020. Water-related problem with special reference to global climate change in Brazil. In: Singh, P., Milishna, Y., Tian, K., Gusain, D., & Bassin, J.P., eds. Water conservation and wastewater treatment in BRICS Nations: technologies, challenges, strategies and policies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 3-21.
Edokpayi, J.N., Odiyo, J.O., & Durowoju, O.S., 2017. Impact of wastewater on surface water quality in developing countries: a case study of South Africa. Water Qual. 10(66561), 10-57.
Fattore, E., Benfenati, E., Marelli, R., Cools, E., & Fanelli, R., 1996. Sterols in sediment samples from Venice Lagoon, Italy. Chemosphere. 33(12), 2383-2393.
Frena, M., Bataglion, G.A., Tonietto, A.E., Eberlin, M.N., Alexandre, M.R., & Madureira, L.A.S., 2016. Assessment of anthropogenic contamination with sterol markers in surface sediments of a tropical estuary (Itajaí-Açu), Brazil. Sci. Total Environ. 544, 432-438. PMid:26657388.
Frena, M., Santos, A.P.S., Santos, E., Silva, R.P., Souza, M.R.R., Madureira, L.A.S., & Alexandre, M.R., 2016b. Distribution and sources of sterol biomarkers in sediments collected from a tropical estuary in Northeast Brazil. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 23(22), 23291-23299. PMid:27696200.
Frena, M., Santos, A.P.S., Souza, M.R.R., Carvalho, S.S., Madureira, L.A.S., & Alexandre, M.R., 2019. Sterol biomarkers and fecal coliforms in a tropical estuary: seasonal distribution and sources. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 139, 111-116. PMid:30686407.
Froehner, S., Martins, R.F., & Errera, M.R., 2009. Assessment of fecal sterols in Barigui River sediments in Curitiba, Brazil. Environ. Monit. Assess. 157(1-4), 591-600. PMid:18841487.
Garcia Junior, M.D.N., Damasceno, M.T.S., Vilela, D.S., & Souto, R.N.P., 2022. The Brazilian Legal Amazon Odonatofauna: a perspective of diversity and knowledge gaps. EntomoBrasilis 15, e977.
Grimalt, J.O., Fernandez, P., Bayona, J.M., & Albaiges, J., 1990. Assessment of fecal sterols and ketones as indicators of urban sewage inputs to coastal waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24(3), 357-363.
Häder, D., Banaszak, A.T., Villafañe, V.E., Narvarte, M.A., González, R.A., & Helbling, E.W., 2020. Anthropogenic pollution of aquatic ecosystems: emerging problems with global implications. Sci. Total Environ. 713, 136586. PMid:31955090.
Hadlich, H.L., Venturini, N., Martins, C.C., Hatje, V., Tinelli, P., Gomes, L.E.O., & Bernardino, A.F., 2018. Multiple biogeochemical indicators of environmental quality in tropical estuaries reveal contrasting conservation opportunities. Ecol. Indic. 95, 21-31.
He, D., Zhang, K., Tang, J., Cui, X., & Sun, Y., 2018. Using fecal sterols to assess dynamics of sewage input in sediments along a human-impacted river-estuary system in eastern China. Sci. Total Environ. 636, 787-797. PMid:29727845.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, 2020. Legal Amazon. Retrieved in 2022, May 25, from
Leeming, R., Ball, A., Ashbolt, N., & Nichols, P., 1996. Using faecal sterols from humans and animals to distinguish faecal pollution in receiving waters. Water Res. 30(12), 2893-2900.
Leeming, R., Bate, N., Hewlett, R., & Nichols, P., 1998. Discriminating faecal pollution: a case study of stormwater entering Port Phillip Bay, Australia. Water Sci. Technol. 38(10), 15-22.
Machado, K.S., Froehner, S., Sánez, J., Figueira, R.C.L., & Ferreira, P.A.L., 2014. Assessment of historical fecal contamination in Curitiba, Brazil, in the last 400 years using fecal sterols. Sci. Total Environ. 493, 1065-1072. PMid:25016471.
Martins, C.C., Cabral, A.C., Barbosa-Cintra, S.C.T., Dauner, A.L.L., & Souza, F.M., 2014. An integrated evaluation of molecular marker indices and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) to measure sewage input in a subtropical estuary (Babitonga Bay, Brazil. Environ. Pollut. 188, 71-80. PMid:24556228.
Martins, C.D.C., Fillmann, G., & Montone, R.C., 2007. Natural and anthropogenic sterols inputs in surface sediments of Patos Lagoon, Brazil. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 18(1), 106-115.
Martins, C.D.C., Gomes, F.B.A., Ferreira, J.A., & Montone, R.C., 2008. Marcadores orgânicos de contaminação por esgotos sanitários em sedimentos superficiais da Baía de Santos, São Paulo. Quim. Nova 31(5), 1008-1014.
Melo, M.G., Anjos, C.O., Nunes, A.P., Farias, M.A.S., Val, A.L., Chaar, J.S., & Bataglion, G.A., 2023. Correlation between caffeine and coprostanol in contrasting Amazonian water bodies. Chemosphere 326, 138365. PMid:36906004.
Melo, M.G., Silva, B.A., Costa, G.S., Silva Neto, J.C.A., Soares, P.K., Val, A.L., Chaar, J.S., Koolen, H.H.F., & Bataglion, G.A., 2019. Sewage contamination of Amazon streams crossing Manaus (Brazil) by sterol biomarkers. Environ. Pollut. 244, 818-826. PMid:30390455.
Muniz, P., Pires-Vanin, A.M.S., Martins, C.C., Montone, R.C., & Bícego, M.C., 2006. Trace metals and organic compounds in the benthic environment of a subtropical embayment (Ubatuba Bay, Brazil. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 52(9), 1098-1105. PMid:16824551.
Murtaugh, J.J., & Bunch, R., 1967. Sterols as a measure of fecal pollution. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 39(3), 404-409. PMid:6021836.
Nishimura, M., & Koyama, T., 1976. Stenols and stanols in lake sediments and diatoms. Chem. Geol. 17(C), 229-239.
Oliveira, A.F.B., Gomes, B.R.S., França, R.S., Moraes, A.S., Bataglion, G.A., & Santos, J.M., 2022. Assessment of urban contamination by sewage in sediments from Ipojuca river in Caruaru City, Pernambuco, Brazil. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 33(2), 163-172.
Oliveira, R.S., Kiyatake, D.M., Harada, M.L., & Ribeiro, K.T., 2013. Sanitary quality of the public groundwater supply for the municipality of Belém in Northern Brazil. Cad. Saude Colet. 21(4), 377-383.
Ranney, R.W., 1969. Organic carbon-organic matter conversion equation for Pennsylvania surface soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am 33(5), 809-811.
Reeves, A.D., & Patton, D., 2005. Faecal sterols as indicators of sewage contamination in estuarine sediments of the Tay Estuary, Scotland: an extended baseline survey. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 9(1-2), 81-94.
Reichwaldt, E.S., Ho, W.Y., Zhou, W., & Ghadouani, A., 2017. Sterols indicate water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency. Water Res. 108, 401-411. PMid:27839832.
Ribani, M., Bottoli, C.B.G., Collins, C.H., Jardim, I.C.S.F., & Melo, L.F.C., 2004. Validação em métodos cromatográficos e eletroforéticos. Quim Nova. 27(5), 771-780.
Rodrigues, C.C. dos S., Santos, E., Ramos, B.S., Damasceno, F.C., & Correa, J.A.M., 2018. PAH baselines for Amazonic surficial sediments: a case of study in Guajará Bay and Guamá River (Northern Brazil). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 100(6), 786-791. PMid:29721595.
Siqueira, G., Aprile, F., Darwich, A., Santos, V., & Menezes, B., 2016. Environmental diagnostic of the Aurá River Basin (Pará, Brazil): water pollution by uncontrolled landfill waste. Arch. Curr. Res. Int. 5(2), 1-13.
Siqueira, G.W., & Aprile, F., 2013. Avaliação de risco ambiental por contaminação metálica e material orgânico em sedimentos da bacia do Rio Aurá, Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA. Acta Amazon. 43(1), 51-62.
Sojinu, S.O., Sonibare, O.O., Ekundayo, O., & Zeng, E.Y., 2012. Assessing anthropogenic contamination in surface sediments of Niger Delta, Nigeria with fecal sterols and n-alkanes as indicators. Sci. Total Environ. 441, 89-96. PMid:23137973.
Souza, M.R.R., Santos, E., Suzarte, J.S., Carmo, L.O., Soares, L.S., Santos, L.G.G.V., Vilela Júnior, A.R., Krause, L.C., Frena, M., Damasceno, F.C., Huang, Y., & Alexandre, M.R., 2020. The impact of anthropogenic activity at the tropical Sergipe-Poxim estuarine system, Northeast Brazil: fecal indicators. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 154, 111067. PMid:32319900.
Suguio, T., 1973. Introdução a sedimentologia. São Paulo: EDUSP.
Takada, H., Farrington, J.W., Bothner, M.H., Johnson, C.G., & Tripp, B.W., 1994. Transport of sludge-derived organic pollutants to deep-sea sediments at deep water dump site 106. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28(6), 1062-1072. PMid:22176231.
Thomes, M.W., Vaezzadeh, V., Zakaria, M.P., & Bong, C.W., 2019. Use of sterols and linear alkylbenzenes as molecular markers of sewage pollution in Southeast Asia. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 26(31), 31555-31580. PMid:31440968.
Volkman, J.K. 2006. Lipid Markers for Marine Organic Matter. In J.K. Volkman, ed. Marine organic matter: biomarkers, isotopes and DNA. New York: Springer, 27-70.
Volkman, J.K., 1986. A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter. Org. Geochem. 9(2), 83-99.
Volkman, J.K., 2005. Sterols and other triterpenoids: source specificity and evolution of biosynthetic pathways. Org. Geochem. 36(2), 139-159.
Wen, X., Bai, Y., Zhang, S., Ding, A., Zheng, L., & Li, J., 2020. Distributions and sources of sedimentary sterols as well as their indications of sewage contamination in the Guanting Reservoir, Beijing. J. Chem. 2020, 1-11.
Writer, J.H., Leenheer, J.A., Barber, L.B., Amy, G.L., & Chapra, S.C., 1995. Sewage contamination in the upper Mississippi River as measured by the fecal sterol, Coprostanol. Water Res. 29(6), 1427-1436.
Yao, X., Lu, J., Liu, Z., Ran, D., & Huang, Y., 2013. Distribution of sterols and the sources of pollution in surface sediments of Ulungur lake, Xinjiang. Water Sci. Technol. 67(10), 2342-2349. PMid:23676408.
Zhang, C., Wang, Y., & Qi, S., 2008. Identification and significance of sterols in MSW landfill leachate. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 874(1-2), 1-6. PMid:18818129.
Submitted date:
04/13/2023
Accepted date:
07/11/2023
Publication date:
08/30/2023
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email