Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/alb/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X10220
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Internal phoshorus loading potential of a semiarid reservoir: an experimental study

Potencial de fertilização interna de fósforo de um reservatório semiárido: um estudo experimental

Hérika Cavalcante; Fabiana Araújo; Vanessa Becker; José Etham de Lucena Barbosa

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X10220 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.33, e6, 2021
PDF
Downloads: 0
Views: 1120

Abstract

Abstract:: Aim: To determine the internal P loading potential of semiarid tropical reservoir sediment while verifying the driving factors that affect P release rates.

Methods: An experiment was performed with water and sediment from the reservoir Boqueirão de Parelhas in Brazil. The effects of three variables on P release were studied: air temperature (region average of 28 °C and 32 °C, simulating an increase of 4 °C), pH (region average of pH 8, more acidic pH 6 and more alkaline pH 10) and oxygen (presence and absence). In addition, P fractionation analysis was performed on the P forms in the sediment.

Results: It was found that the minimum P release was in an oxic treatment at pH 6 and temperature 28 °C (0.22 mg m-2 d-1 ± 0.13) and the maximum P release in an anoxic treatment at pH 10 and temperature 32 °C (2.1 mg m-2 d-1 ± 0.15). The total P in the sediment was 597 mg kg-1, and the major P form in the sediment was NaOH-rP, the P bound to aluminum, corresponding to 42% of the total P.

Conclusion: These results allow us to confirm that the sediment of the Boqueirão reservoir is susceptible to the release of P bound to aluminum due to the prevalence of this form in its sediments concomitant with the high temperatures and alkaline pH of the water. This scenario can be aggravated by climate change.

Keywords

eutrophication, phosphorus fractionation, internal loading, temperature increase

Resumo

Resumo: Objetivo: Determinar o potencial de fertilização interna de P do sedimento de reservatório tropical semiárido, ao mesmo tempo em que verificar os fatores que afetam as taxas de liberação de P.


Métodos: Foi realizado um experimento com água e sedimento do reservatório Boqueirão de Parelhas, Brasil. Foram estudados os efeitos de três variáveis na liberação de P: temperatura do ar (região média de 28 °C e 32 °C, simulando aumento de 4 °C), pH (região média de pH 8, pH mais ácido 6 e pH mais alcalino 10) e oxigênio (presença e ausência). Além disso, a análise de fracionamento de P foi realizada nas formas de P no sedimento.

Resultados: Verificou-se que a liberação mínima de P foi em tratamento óxico em pH 6 e temperatura 28 °C (0,22 mg m-2 d-1 ± 0,13) e a liberação máxima de P em tratamento anóxico em pH 10 e temperatura 32 °C (2,1 mg m-2 d-1 ± 0,15). O P total no sedimento foi 597 mg kg-1, e a principal forma de P no sedimento foi o NaOH-rP, o P ligado ao alumínio, correspondendo a 42% do P total.

Conclusão: Esses resultados nos permitem confirmar que o sedimento da represa do Boqueirão é suscetível à liberação de P ligado ao alumínio devido ao predomínio desta forma em seus sedimentos concomitante às altas temperaturas e pH alcalino da água. Esse cenário pode ser agravado pelas mudanças climáticas.
 

Palavras-chave

eutrofização, fracionamento de fósforo, fertilização interna, aumento da temperatura

References

ALVARES, C.A., STAPE, J.L., SENTELHAS, P.C., GONÇALVES, J.L.M. and SPAROVEK, G. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 2014, 22(6), 711-728.

BARBOSA, J.E.L., MEDEIROS E.S.F., BRASIL, J., CORDEIRO, R.S., CRISPIM, M.C.B. and SILVA, G.H.G. Aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil: limnology and management. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2012, 24(1), 103-118.

BJÖRK, S. Swedish lake restoration program gets results. Ambio, 1972, 1(5), 153-165.

BORMANS, M., MARŠÁLEK, B. and JANČULA, D. Controlling internal phosphorus loading in lakes by physical methods to reduce cyanobacterial blooms: a review. Aquatic Ecology, 2016, 50(3), 407-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-015-9564-x.

BOSTRÖM, B. and PETTERSSON, K. Different patterns of phosphorus release from lake sediments in laboratory experiments. Hydrobiologia, 1982, 92(0), 415-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00020032.

BRASIL, J., ATTAYDE, J.L., VASCONCELOS, F.R., DANTAS, D.D.F. and HUSZAR, V.L.M. Drought-induced water-level reduction favors cyanobacteria blooms in tropical shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 2016, 770(1), 145-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2578-5.

CAVALCANTE, H., ARAÚJO, F., NOYMA, N.P. and BECKER, V. Phosphorus fractionation in sediments of tropical semiarid reservoirs. The Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 619-620, 1022-1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.204. PMid:29734580.

CHRISTOPHORIDIS, C. and FYTIANOS, K. Conditions Affecting the Release of Phosphorus from Surface Lake Sediments. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006, 35(4), 1181-1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0213. PMid:16738404.

COFFMAN, R.E. and KILDSIG, D.O. Hydrotropic Solubilization - Mechanistic Studies. Pharmaceutical Research, 1996, 13(10), 1460-1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016011125302. PMid:8899835.

CORNELISSEN, G., VAN NOORT, P.C.M., PARSONS, J.R. and GOVERS, H.A.J. Temperature dependence of slow adsorption and desorption kinetics of organic compounds in sediments. Environmental Science & Technology, 1997, 31(2), 454-460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960300+.

DE GROOT, C.J. and GOLTERMAN, H.L. On the presence of organic phosphate in some Camargue sediments: evidence for the importance of phytate. Hydrobiologia, 1993, 252(1), 117-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000133.

DODDS, W.K. Eutrophication and trophic state in rivers and streams. Limnology and Oceanography, 2006, 51(1), 671-680.

DOIG, L.E., NORTH, R.L., HUDSON, J.J., HEWLETT, C., LINDENSCHMIDT, K.E. and LIBER, K. Phosphorus release from sediments in a river-valley reservoir in the northern Great Plains of North America. Hydrobiologia, 2017, 787(1), 323-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2977-2.

DONG, L.M., YANG, Z.F. and LIU, X.H. Factors affecting the internal loading of phosphorus from calcareous sediments of Baiyangdian Lake in North China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 64(6), 1617-1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0842-6.

DUTRA, R.P.S., DA SILVA, J.B., VARELA, M.L., DO NASCIMENTO, R.M., GOMES, U.U. and PASKOCIMAS, C.A. Potentiality Assessment of Clays from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Part-II: Technological Properties. Cerâmica Industrial, 2008, 13(1/2), 47-50.

EMBRAPA, B.A. Brazilian Soil Classification System. Brasília: Embrapa Solos, 2018.

FIGUEIREDO, A.V. & BECKER, V. Influence of extreme hydrological events in the quality of water reservoirs in the semi-arid tropical region. Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos. 2018, 23:1-8.

FORMIGA, F.L., ANDRADE, J.C.S., ARAÚJO, P.A.S., DE MACEDO, D.A., MARTINELLI, A.E., DO NASCIMENTO, R.M. and PASKOCIMAS, C.A. Ceramic Industries of the Seridó Region (RN): Socio-economic overview and technological characterization of raw materials. Cerâmica Industrial, 2013, 18(4), 30-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/cerind.2014.053.

GÄCHTER, R. and MEYER, J.S. The role of microorganisms in mobilization and fixation of phosphorus in sediments. Hydrobiologia, 1993, 253(1–3), 103-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00050731.

GÄCHTER, R., MEYER, J.S., MARES, A., MEYER, S. and GDCHTER, R. of bacteria to release and fixation of Contribution in lake sediments phosphorus Mares. Limnology and Oceanography, 1988, 33(6), 1542-1558.

GOLTERMAN, H.L. Phosphate release from anoxic sediments or “What did Mortimer really write?”. Hydrobiologia, 2001, 450(1/3), 99-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017559903404.

GONSIORCZYK, T., CASPER, P. and KOSCHEL, R. Phosphorus binding forms in the sediment of an oligotrofic and eutrophic hard water lake of the baltic lake district (Germany). Water Science and Technology, 1998, 37(3), 51-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0173.

HE, J., SU, D., LV, S., DIAO, Z., XIE, J. and LUO, Y. Effects of sediment chemical properties on phosphorus release rates in the sediment-water interface of the steppe wetlands. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, 14(11), 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111430. PMid:29165378.

HUPFER, M. and LEWANDOWSKI, J. Oxygen controls the phosphorus release from lake sediments - A long-lasting paradigm in limnology. International Review of Hydrobiology, 2008, 93(4–5), 415-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200711054.

HUSZAR, V.L.M., SILVA, L.H.S., MARINHO, M., DOMINGOS, P. and ANNA, C.L.S. Cyanoprokaryote assemblages in eight productive tropical Brazilian waters. Hydrobiologia, 2000, 424(1), 67-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003996710416.

ILLÉS, E. and TOMBÁCZ, E. The effect of humic acid adsorption on pH-dependent surface charging and aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2006, 295(1), 115-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.003. PMid:16139290.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE – IPCC. Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary Chapter for Policymakers. Geneva: IPCC, 2014.

JENSEN, H.S. and ANDERSEN, F.O. Importance of temperature, nitrate, and pH for phosphate release from aerobic sediments of four shallow, eutrophic lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 1992, 37(3), 577-589. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.3.0577.

JENSEN, H.S., REITZEL, K. and EGEMOSE, S. Evaluation of aluminum treatment efficiency on water quality and internal phosphorus cycling in six Danish lakes. Hydrobiologia, 2015, 751(1), 189-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2186-4.

JEPPESEN, E., SØNDERGAARD, M., JENSEN, J.P., HAVENS, K.E., ANNEVILLE, O., CARVALHO, L., COVENEY, M.F., DENEKE, R., DOKULIL, M.T., FOY, B., GERDEAUX, D., HAMPTON, S.E., HILT, S., KANGUR, K., KÖHLER, J., LAMMENS, E.H.H.R., LAURIDSEN, T.L., MANCA, M., MIRACLE, M.R., MOSS, B., NÕGES, P., PERSSON, G., PHILLIPS, G., PORTIELJE, R., ROMO, S., SCHELSKE, C.L., STRAILE, D., TATRAI, I., WILLÉN, E. and WINDER, M. Lake responses to reduced nutrient loading – An analysis of contemporary long-term data from 35 case studies. Freshwater Biology, 2005, 50: 1747-1771.

JESPERSEN, A.M. and CHRISTOFFERSEN, K. Measurements of chlorophyll-a from phytoplankton using ethanol as extraction solvent. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 1988, 109, 445-454.

JIANG, X., JIN, X., YAO, Y., LI, L. and WU, F. Effects of biological activity, light, temperature and oxygen on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface of Taihu Lake, China. Water Research, 2008, 42(8-9), 2251-2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.12.003. PMid:18191171.

JIN, X., WANG, S., PANG, Y. and WU, F.C. Phosphorus fractions and the effect of pH on the phosphorus release of the sediments from different trophic areas in Taihu Lake, China. Environmental Pollution, 2006, 139(2), 288-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.05.010. PMid:16061319.

KAISERLI, A., VOUTSA, D. and SAMARA, C. Phosphorus fractionation in lake sediments - Lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece. Chemosphere, 2002, 46(8), 1147-1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00242-9. PMid:11951980.

KIM, L., CHOI, E. and STENSTROM, M.K. Sediment characteristics, phosphorus types and phosphorus release rates between river and lake sediments. Chemosphere, 2003, 50(1), 53-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00310-7. PMid:12656229.

KOZERSKI, H.-P. and KLEEBERG, A. The Sediments and Benthic-Pelagic Exchange in the Shallow Lake Muggelsee (Berlin, Germany). International Review of Hydrobiology, 1998, 83(1), 77-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19980830109.

LEITE, J.N.C and BECKER, V. 2019. Impacts of drying and reflooding on water quality of a tropical semi-arid reservoir during an extended drought event. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2019, 31, e15.

LI, H., LIU, L., LI, M. and ZHANG, X. Effects of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface in storm sewer. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2013, 2013, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/104316. PMid:24349823.

LÜRLING, M. & F. VAN OOSTERHOUT. Controlling eutrophication by combined bloom precipitation and sediment phosphorus inactivation. Water Res, 2013, 47(17), 6527-6537.

MACKAY, E.B., MABERLY, S.C., PAN, G., REITZEL, K., BRUERE, A., CORKER, N., DOUGLAS, G., EGEMOSE, S., HAMILTON, D., HATTON-ELLIS, T., HUSER, B., LI, W., MEIS, S., MOSS, B., LÜRLING, M., PHILLIPS, G., YASSERI, S. and SPEARS, B.M. Geoengineering in lakes: Welcome attraction or fatal distraction? Inland Waters, 2014, 4(4), 349-356.

MARENGO, J.A., ALVES, L.M., ALVALA, R.C.S., CUNHA, A.P., BRITO, S. and MORAES, O.L.L. Climatic characteristics of the 2010-2016 drought in the semiarid Northeast Brazil region. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2018, 90(2, Suppl. 1), 1973-1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720170206. PMid:28813107.

MARINHO, M.M., NOYMA, N.P., MAGALHÃES, L., MERCEDES, J. S., HUSZAR, V. and LÜRLING, M. External and internal phosphorus loads to a coastal urban lagoon, Jacarepaguá lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In: A.D. STEINMAN and B.M. SPEARS. Internal phosphorus loading in lakes. Plantation, FL: J. Ross Publishing, 2020, pp. 389-406.

MEDEIROS, L.C., MATTOS, A., LÜRLING, M. and BECKER, V. Is the future blue-green or brown? The effects of extreme events on phytoplankton dynamics in a semi-arid man-made lake. Aquatic Ecology, 2015, 49(3), 293-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-015-9524-5.

MENDONÇA-JÚNIOR, J.R., AMADO, A.M., VIDAL, L. O., MATTOS, A. and V. BECKER, 2018. Extreme droughts drive tropical semi-arid eutrophic reservoirs towards CO2 sub-saturation. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 30 (101):1-11.

MISHRA, A.K. and SINGH, V.P. A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam), 2010, 391(1-2), 202-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012.

MORTIMER, C.H. The Exchange of Dissolved Substances between Mud and Water in Lakes. Journal of Ecology, 1941, 30(1), 147-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2256691.

MOSLEY, L.M. Drought impacts on the water quality of freshwater systems; review and integration. Earth-Science Reviews, 2015, 140, 203-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.010.

MOSS, B. Allied attack: climate change and eutrophication. Inland Waters, 2014, 1(2), 101-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5268/IW-1.2.359.

MOURA, D.S., LIMA NETO, I.E., CLEMENTE, A., OLIVEIRA, S., PESTANA, C.J., APARECIDA DE MELO, M. and CAPELO-NETO, J. Modeling phosphorus exchange between bottom sediment and water in tropical semiarid reservoirs. Chemosphere, 2020, 246, 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125686. PMid:31918079.

MURPHY, J. and RILEY, J.P. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1962, 27, 31-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5.

NOBRE, R.L.G., CALIMAN, A., CABRAL, C.R., ARAÚJO, F.C., GUÉRIN, J., DANTAS, F.C.C., QUESADO, L.B., VENTICINQUE, E.M., GUARIENTO, R.D., AMADO, A.M., KELLY, P., VANNI, M.J. and CARNEIRO, L.S. 2020. Precipitation, landscape properties and land use interactively affect water quality of tropical freshwaters. Science of the Total Environment, 716: 137044.

NOVAIS, R.F., ALVAREZ, V.H., BARROS, N.F., FONTES, R.L.F., CANTARUTTI, R.B. and NEVES, J.C. Fertilidade do Solo. Viçosa, MG: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2007.

NURNBERG, G.K. Assessing internal phosphorus load - Problems to be solved. Lake and Reservoir Management, 2009, 25(4), 419-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357520903458848.

RAMOS, S.O., DANTAS G.C.B., LIRA H.L., PIMENTEL, P.M. and MARCIANO, J.E.A. Characterization of clays of deposits new located in Parelhas/RN, Brasil, aiming for application in the ceramic industry. Revista Matéria, 2019, 24(2):1-9.

REITZEL, K., HANSEN, J., ANDERSEN, F.Ø., HANSEN, K.S. and JENSEN, H.S. Lake Restoration by Dosing Aluminum Relative to Mobile Phosphorus in the Sediment. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(11), 4134-4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0485964. PMid:15984792.

REITZEL, K., HANSEN, J., JENSEN, H.S., ANDERSEN, F.Ø. and HANSEN, K.S. Testing aluminum addition as a tool for lake restoration in shallow, eutrophic Lake Sønderby, Denmark. Hydrobiologia, 2003, 506-509(1-3), 781-787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008624.54844.2d.

ROCHA JUNIOR, C.A.N., DA COSTA, M.R.A., MENEZES, R.F., ATTAYDE, J.L. and BECKER, V. Water volume reduction increases eutrophication risk in tropical semi-arid reservoirs. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2018, 30(0). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2117.

ROLAND, F., HUSZAR, V.L., FARJALLA, V., ENRICH-PRAST, A., AMADO, A.M. and OMETTO, J.P. Climate change in Brazil: perspective on the biogeochemistry of inland waters. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 2012, 72(3, Suppl.), 709-722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842012000400009. PMid:23011300.

RYDIN, E. Potentially mobile phosphorus in lake Erken sediment. Water Research, 2000, 34(7), 2037-2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00375-9.

SCHINDLER, D.W. The dilemma of controlling cultural eutrophication of lakes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012, 279(1746), 4322-4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1032.

SILVA, I.A., COSTA, J.M.R., MENEZES, R.R., FERREIRA, H.S., NEVES, G. A. and FERREIRA, H.C. Studies of new occurrences of bentonite clays in the State of Paraíba of use in water based drilling fuids. Revista Escola de Minas: Mineração, 2013, 66(4):485-491.

SILVA, P.C.G., MOURA, M.S.B., KIILL, L.H.P., BRITO, L.T.L., PEREIRA, L.A., SA, I.B., CORREIA, R.C., TEIXEIRA, A.H.C., CUNHA, T.J.F., GUIMARÃES FILHO, C. Caracterização do Semiárido brasileiro: fatores naturais e humanos. In: I.B. SA and P.C.G. SILVA, eds. Semiárido brasileiro: pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. Petrolina, PE: Embrapa Semiárido, 2010, pp. 18-48.

SMITH, V.H. and SCHINDLER, D.W. Eutrophication science: Where do we go from here? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2009, 24(4), 201-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.009. PMid:19246117.

SØNDERGAARD, M. Nutrient dynamics in lakes - with emphasis on phosphorus, sediment and lake restoration [Doctor’s dissertation]. Denmark: University of Aarhus, 2007.

SØNDERGAARD, M., BJERRING, R. and JEPPESEN, E. Persistent internal phosphorus loading during summer in shallow eutrophic lakes. Hydrobiologia, 2013, 710(1), 95-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1091-3.

SØNDERGAARD, M., JENSEN, J.P. and JEPPESEN, E. Retention and Internal Loading of Phosphorus in Shallow, Eutrophic Lakes. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2001, 1, 427-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.72. PMid:12806078.

SØNDERGAARD, M., JENSEN, J.P. and JEPPESEN, E. Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 2003, 506-509(1-3), 135-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008611.12704.dd.

THORNTON, J.A. and RAST, W. A test of hypotheses relating to the comparative limnology and assessment of eutrophication in semi-arid man-made lakes. In: M. STRASKRABA, J.G. TUNDISI and A. DUNCAN, eds. Comparative reservoir limnology and water quality management. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993, pp. 1-24.

VALDERRAMA, J.C. The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters. Marine Chemistry, 1981, 10(2), 109-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(81)90027-X.

VICENTE, I., HUANG, P., ANDERSEN, F.Ø. and JENSEN, H.S. Phosphate adsorption by fresh and aged aluminum hydroxide. Consequences for lake restoration. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42(17), 6650-6655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800503s. PMid:18800544.

VILAR, C.C., COSTA A.C.S., HOEPERS A. and JUNIOR, I.G. S. Maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity as related to iron and aluminum forms in subtropical soils. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 2010, 34(1), 1059-1068.

WANG, J., CHEN, J., DING, S., LUO, J. and XU, Y. Effects of temperature on phosphorus release in sediments of Hongfeng Lake, southwest China: An experimental study using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 74(7), 5885-5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4612-3.

WETZEL, R.G. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. San Diego: Acadmic Press, 2001.

YANG, C., YANG, P., GENG, J., YIN, H. and CHEN, K. Sediment internal nutrient loading in the most polluted area of a shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Chaohu, China) and its contribution to lake eutrophication. Environmental Pollution, 2020a, 262, 114292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114292. PMid:32179221.

YANG, Y., ZHANG, J., LIU, L., WANG, G., CHEN, M., ZHANG, Y. and TANG, X. Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediment with fresh-water snail (Bellamya aeruginosa) bioturbation in eutrophic lakes. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2020b, 20(5), 2526-2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02614-2.

ZHU, B., WANG, Z. and ZHANG, X. Phosphorus fractions and release potential of ditch sediments from different land uses in a small catchment of the upper Yangtze River. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012, 12(2), 278-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0449-x.
 

Submitted date:
10/20/2020

Accepted date:
03/09/2021

Publication date:
04/23/2021

608324aaa9539521101087a4 alb Articles
Links & Downloads
2179-975X (Electronic)
Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online) ©2024 All rights reserved.

Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online)

Share this page
Page Sections