Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/alb/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X0222
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Composition and structure of the benthic diatom community from salt marshes of southern Brazil and their relationship to environmental variables

Composição e estrutura da comunidade de diatomáceas bentônicas de marismas do sul do Brasil e sua relação com variáveis ambientais

Dávia Marciana Talgatti; Cesar Serra Bonifácio Costa; Luís Gustavo de Castro Canani; Haywood Dail Laughinghouse IV; Lezilda Carvalho Torgan

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X0222 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.35, e29, 2023
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Abstract

Aim: This study focused on the spatiotemporal variation of the benthic diatom community structure in salt marshes from the Patos Lagoon estuary and their relationship with environmental variables.

Methods: Samplings were carried out in the winter of 2010 and summer of 2011 (during El Niño and La Niña) in sites with different sediment granulometry, salinity, and distances from the Atlantic Ocean. The surface sediment was collected using a core (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in depth) and the benthic diatoms were removed following the Trapping method, allowing the observation of live diatoms.

Results: The richness values (18 and 48 taxa), evenness (0.41 and 0.68), and Shannon diversity indices (2.02 and 3.31 bits/ind.) variations were not significative between the sites and seasons, although temperature and salinity differed significatively between winter and summer. However, the diatom's composition and distribution were related to temperature, salinity, and sediment particle size. Mainly the species Hippodonta hungarica, Luticola simplex Navicula cf. cryptotenelloides, N. erifuga, N. jacobii, Nitzschia filiformis var. conferta, Planothidium frequentissimum and Tryblionella calida were associated with lower temperature and lower salinity in the winter. The species Navicula cf. cryptocephala, N. phylleptosomaformis, Nitzschia pusilla, N. frustulum, N. scalpelliformis and Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum were associated with higher temperature and higher salinity in the summer. Birraphid diatom taxa, mainly species of the genus Navicula and Nitzschia, were frequent or abundant in sandy sediments, and monoraphids, such as Planothidium frequentissimum, were frequent in sites where silt and clay predominated.

Conclusions: The composition of the benthic diatoms revealed variation between the sites in the winter and summer seasons, during El Niño and La Niña episodes. In winter, high rainfall and freshwater runoff maintained oligohaline condition in the marshes, while in summer, flooding with meso-poly-euhaline waters changed the diatom composition. The granulometry was an important factor in explaining the distribution of the birraphid and monorhapid taxa.

Keywords

estuarine system, microphytobenthos, spatiotemporal variation, substrate types

Resumo

Objetivo: Este estudo focalizou a variação espaço-temporal da estrutura da comunidade de diatomáceas bentônicas, em marisma do estuário da Laguna dos Patos e sua relação com variáveis ambientais.

Métodos: Amostragens foram realizadas no inverno de 2010 e verão de 2011(durande o El Niño e La Niña) em locais com diferentes granulometrias do sedimento, salinidades e distâncias do Oceano Atlântico. O sedimento superficial foi coletado utilizando um core (10 cm de diâmetro e 2 cm de profundidade) e as diatomáceas bentônicas foram removidas, seguinto o método Trapping, que permite a observação das diatomáceas vivas.

Resultados: As variações dos valores de riqueza (18 e 48 taxa), uniformidade (0.41 and 0.68) e índice de diversidade de Shannon (2.02 and 3.31 bits/ind.) entre os locais e estações não foram significativos, embora a temperatura e salinidade diferiram, significativamente, entre o inverno e verão. Entretanto, a composição e distribuição das diatomáceas estiveram relacionadas à temperatura, salinidade e tamanho de partícula do sedimento. Principalmente as espécies Hippodonta hungarica, Luticola simplex Navicula cf. cryptotenelloides, N. erifuga, N. jacobii, Nitzschia filiformis var. conferta, Planothidium frequentissimum and Tryblionella cálida, estiveram associadas às mais baixas temperatura e salinidade no inverno. As espécies Navicula cf. cryptocephala, N. phylleptosomaformis, Nitzschia pusilla, N. frustulum, N. scalpelliformis and Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum estiveram relacionadas as mais altas temperatura e salinidade no verão. Diatomáceas birrafídeas, principalmente espécies do gênero Navicula e Nitzschia foram frequentes ou abundantes em sedimentos arenosos e, monorrafídeas, tais como Planothidium frequentissimum foram frequentes em locais, onde predominaram silte e argila.

Conclusões: A composição das diatomáceas bentônicas revelou variação entre os locais nas estações de inverno e verão, durante os episódios de El Niño and La Niña. No inverno, alta pluviosidade e alto escoamento de água doce manteve condição oligohalina nas marismas, enquanto que, no verão, a inundação de água meso-poly-euhalina mudou a composição das diatomáceas. A granulometria foi um fator importante para explicar a distribuição dos táxons birrafídeos e monorrafídeos.
 

Palavras-chave

microfitobentos, sistema estuarino, variação espaço-temporal, tipo de substrato

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Submitted date:
01/15/2022

Accepted date:
10/10/2023

Publication date:
11/10/2023

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